Which statement is true regarding prevention of neural tube defects through maternal nutrition?

• A. Adequate folic acid during embryogenesis reduces neural tube defects.
• B. Calcium intake prevents neural tube defects.
• C. Vitamin C intake prevents neural tube defects.
• D. Excess vitamin D intake prevents neural tube defects.

Answer: (A)

Adequate folic acid during embryogenesis reduces neural tube defects. The neural tube closes very early in pregnancy, often before many women realize they’re pregnant. Folate supports DNA synthesis and rapid cell division needed for proper neural tube formation; when folate is insufficient during this critical time, the tube may fail to close, leading to defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly. Providing sufficient folate before conception and in early pregnancy lowers risk, with guidelines typically recommending about 400 micrograms daily for most women, increasing to about 600 micrograms during pregnancy, and higher (around 4 milligrams daily) for those with a prior pregnancy affected by an NTD.

Calcium intake does not prevent neural tube defects; it plays a larger role in bone health and other bodily functions. Vitamin C likewise isn’t protective for NTDs, though it supports overall tissue integrity and immune function. Excess vitamin D is not a preventive measure for neural tube defects and can be harmful.