Which statement best explains the rationale for folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy?

• A. It prevents iron-deficiency anemia.
• B. It prevents neural tube defects.
• C. It prevents gestational diabetes.
• D. It prevents postpartum hemorrhage.

Answer: (B)

Folate is essential for DNA synthesis and rapid cell division in the early embryo. The neural tube forms and closes very early in pregnancy, often before you know you’re pregnant, so having adequate folate at conception and in the first weeks protects against failures in neural tube closure. When folate levels are sufficient, the neural tube can close properly, reducing the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. This is why folic acid supplementation is emphasized early in pregnancy and even preconception. It won’t prevent conditions like iron-deficiency anemia, gestational diabetes, or postpartum hemorrhage, which arise from different processes and risk factors.