Which labor stage is characterized by complete dilation (10 cm) and the onset of pushing?

• A. First stage of labor
• B. Second stage of labor
• C. Third stage of labor
• D. Latent phase

Answer: (B)

Complete dilation to 10 cm marks the transition to active pushing, signaling the second stage of labor. In this stage the cervix is fully dilated and the baby moves down the birth canal with maternal pushing and contractions until delivery. The first stage ends at full dilation and includes the latent and active phases, during which cervical dilation occurs but pushing is not yet the primary focus. The third stage comes after the baby is born and involves delivering the placenta. The latent phase is the early portion of the first stage with gradual dilation and no pushing. So, the description of full dilation with the onset of pushing aligns with the second stage.