A woman, whose pregnancy is confirmed, asks the nurse what the function of the placenta is in early pregnancy. What information supports the explanation that the placenta secretes hormones in early pregnancy?

• A. Excretes prolactin and insulin.
• B. Produces nutrients for fetal nutrition.
• C. Secretes both estrogen and progesterone.
• D. Forms a protective, impenetrable barrier.

Answer: (C)

The placenta acts as an endocrine organ that secretes hormones to support pregnancy. In early pregnancy, it begins producing estrogen and progesterone, which help maintain the uterine lining, promote uterine blood flow, and prevent uterine contractions. Progesterone keeps the decidua intact and creates a stable environment for the developing embryo, while estrogen supports uterine growth and prepares the body for later lactation. Although the corpus luteum supplies some progesterone early on, placental production increases and becomes a key source as pregnancy progresses. This hormonal activity is what keeps pregnancy viable in the early weeks. The other options don’t fit because prolactin and insulin come from other glands, nutrients are supplied to the fetus through transfer rather than being produced by the placenta, and while the placenta provides a protective interface, it is not an impenetrable barrier.